Water Diuresis in Man Practical Report Essay

conceptionThe body needs to maintain equilibrium to function properly in everyday life. The most cardinal substance it must regulate is wet water is everywhere in our body and its balance is intrinsic for proper body function. A very carefully regulated process is solute concentration. If there is a sharp increase in water which enters the extracellular fluid, atomic number 11 ions will thence contribute less to the extracellular solute concentration as the ratio amongst water and solute has now changed. Osmolality is the amount of solute in a kilogram, wherefore the osmolality in the extracellular space has also reduced. Water diuresis is the increase in urinary water excreted with petty(a) or no change in the solute excretion.Excess water needs to be excreted to maintain a good balance of water and solute inside the body. The aim of this unimaginative is to test the effects of strenuous sour and desmopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) on piddle flow and urine sodium conce ntration. We will be testing the hypotheses that vigorous wield will decrease urine flow and increase urine sodium concentration, whereas desmopressin will fool the oppositeness effect of decreased urine flow and increased sodium concentration. using up the class data (refer to the appropriate figures in your discussion). (a) What happens to the appraise of urine production (i.e. urine flow) for the three procedures (i.e. keep, desmopressin and exercise)? Use your knowledge of statistics to evaluate the raise that the responses by and by the treatments (i.e. desmopressin and exercise) differed from that in the control represss. Explain the following (including the underlying mechanisms) i. why there is a go over in the onset of the diuresis after water loading in the control subject (A) ii. the effects of administered desmopressin on the diuresis (subject B) iii. the mechanisms by which a single session of vigorous exercise affects the diuresis acquired by the water load (subject C).after imbibing water, the control and test subjects had gradual increase of urine flow, reaching a peak then decreasing again, whereas the desmopressin subject had decreased urine flow after winning the hormone, thereafter plateauing. According to the Dunnetts t test between the urine flow of the subjects, the urine flow of the treatment subjects was signifi thronetly incompatible to that of the control. There is a delay in the onset of diuresis after loading in the control subject as it takes time for the water to be filtered in the body. Water is absorbed from the gut into the extracellular fluid. Osmoreceptors from the cigarette pituitary detect the water through cell stretch and initiate responses that control ADH secretion (Widmaier et al., 2014).Fluids are filtered through the kidneys and the excess water is transported to the bladder where it will then be excreted. Desmopressin decreases the urine mountain excreted. Desmopressin is a synthetic substitutefor a nti-diuretic hormone (ADH). ADH acts on the kidneys to reabsorb water. Due to increased water reabsorption, diuresis (urine volume) is decreased. A single session of vigorous exercise sharply decreases the urine flow and hence, diuresis. During exercise, you lose sodium and water by sweating so the kidney works to reabsorb the water so you are not dehydrated. This results in more concentrated urine.(b) If a control subject was dehydrated at the beginning of the practical class, how would you expect this to affect their response to the water load? They would retain some of the water and hence would have decreased urine excretion compared to someone who is well hydrated.(c) What effect does alcohol have on water diuresis? What is the mechanism of the action of alcohol on a water diuresis? Alcohol inhibits the pituitary secretion of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to reabsorb water. Because ADH levels drop, the kidneys do not reabsorb as much water and hence produce more urine, causing increased water diuresis.(d) Use the class represents and statistical analysis of the urine sodium concentration to determine if this is different for the control and desmopressin subjects. Do you think there a relationship between urine flow and the urine sodium concentration? According to the statistical analysis, the difference between the control and desmopressin subjects for sodium urine concentration were significantly different. Looking at the class graphs, this is also true the graph values vary significantly. There seems to be an inverse relationship between urine flow and urine sodium concentration. When the urine flow is high, the urine sodium concentration is relatively low and vice versa.(e) Use the class graphs and statistical analysis of the sodium excretion rate to determine if this is different for the control and desmopressin subjects. Do you think there a relationship between urine flow and the sodium excretion rate? According to the statistical analysis, the sod ium excretion rate for the control and desmopressin subjects are not significantly different. This can also be seem from the class graphs theyfollow similar values. There does not seem to be a high correlation between urine flow and sodium excretion rate. After taking desmopressin, the subjects sodium secretion rate is similar to the controls, however, the urine flow is noticeably decreased after drinking water. Looking at the exercise subjects, their sodium excretion is lower than the other subjects after drinking water, however their urine flow after a few samples is significantly increased.(f)Complete the following table stimulationType/Site of ReceptorsADH Responsephysiologic response on Urine VolumePhysiological response on Blood VolumeIncreased osmolality (dehydration)OsmoreceptorsHigh ADH levels diminish fallDecreased osmolalityOsmoreceptorsLow ADH levelsIncreasedIncreasedIncreased blood volumeBaroreceptorsDecreased ADH secretionIncreasedIncreasedDecreased blood volumeBarerec eptorsIncreased ADH secretionDecreasedDecreasedCONCLUSIONSWe concluded that strenuous exercise decreases urine flow and hence will increase the concentration of urine. Desmopressin decreased urine flow and due to this increased water excretion, also decreased the concentration of urine.REFERENCESWidmaier, EP, Raff, H & Strang, KT (2014). Vanders Human Physiology. The Mechanisms of Body Function. MCGraw Hill, Chapter 14, page 499.